Doc's Opinion

The Role of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) in Atherosclerosis and Heart Disease

By Axel F. Sigurdsson, MD, PhD | February 13, 2021

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The death rate from coronary artery disease (CAD) has declined considerably over the last three decades. This is mainly due to better control of risk factors and advances in therapy. However, the prevalence of CAD remains high due to the aging of the population and better survival of those affected. The current epidemic of obesity … Read more

Heart Palpitations – Irregular Heartbeat Explained

By Axel F. Sigurdsson, MD, PhD | January 24, 2021

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Have you ever experienced or sensed your heartbeat? Although such a sensation is usually completely normal, it may be unpleasant. For instance, people often describe hard beats, fast beats, irregular beats, skipped beats, fluttering, “flip-flopping” or a pounding sensation in the chest or neck. The term palpitations is used to describe an unpleasant awareness of the … Read more

17 Important Causes of Chest Pain

By Axel F. Sigurdsson, MD, PhD | January 17, 2021

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Chest pain is a common symptom associated with a variety of underlying causes. More than six million people visit hospital emergency departments in the United States each year because of chest pain (1). The cause of chest pain may vary from life-threatening conditions to those that are relatively harmless. Chest pain is most commonly caused by … Read more

Non-HDL Cholesterol (non-HDL-C)

By Axel F. Sigurdsson, MD, PhD | January 3, 2021

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Non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C) is a fraction that can be easily calculated from a traditional lipid panel. The value is strongly associated with an increased risk of heart disease. Over the years, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) has been the most commonly used lipid variable to predict risk (1). However, current evidence suggests that non-HDL cholesterol may be … Read more

Coronary Artery Calcium Score – CAC Scoring Explained

By Axel F. Sigurdsson, MD, PhD | December 20, 2020

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Measurements of coronary artery calcium score (CAC scoring) are commonly used to assess future heart disease risk. When we age, calcium deposits can be found in many parts of our bodies. Calcification in the arterial walls is common in people aged 65 and older. So, to some degree, calcification of arteries can be regarded as … Read more